An effective work/research proposal consists of the following elements:
ü Setting of work proposal工作提案建構 : 你工作提案的主題是什麼? 你的讀者可以明瞭工作提案的內容嗎?
ü Work problem工作問題 : 你的工作提案裡有你試著要解決或是想更進一步瞭解的問題嗎?
ü Quantitative specification of problem 問題的量化 : 你要如何量化問題來讓你的讀者明白之前文獻研究所遇到的量化限制 ?
ü Importance of problem問題的中心 : 如果問題沒被解決或是充分瞭解, 這對工作提案的讀者會有多大的負面衝擊?
ü Work objective工作目標 : 工作提案的目標 ?
ü Methodology to achieve objective 達成目標的方法 : 你的計劃中達成目標的步驟?
ü Anticipated results希望的結果 : 你希望達成的結果?
ü Contribution to field領域的貢獻: 你的提案對相關工作領域的貢獻?
Read the following work proposal from Writing Effective Work Proposals by Ted Knoy for a statistics-related (統計相關分類) project:
A decision-making environment is increasingly complex. For
[ ( i. ) ] [
instance, selecting the criteria for developing a decision
( ii. )
evaluation model is extremely difficult. While too few
]
criterion in the evaluation model leads to incomplete results, too
many criterion makes the model too complex and difficult to
evaluate. Conventional evaluation models are generally
[ ( iii. )
concerned only with economic factors and neglect factors that
can not be evaluated by money. However, large investment
programs have many intangible factors that can not be valued,
such as the satisfaction of related groups and potential
environmental impacts. In addition to an economic criterion, for
example, when evaluating different brands of a bus system,
many criterion are still available such as the level of pollution
made by bus and the driving abilities of a bus. Adopting the
[
conventional models likely causes decision makers to select an
( iv. )
inappropriate scheme. For instance, in governmental investment
] [ ( v. )
decisions, implementing an inappropriate scheme will incur large
social costs and loss of resources. Based on the above, we
] [
should develop an efficient evaluation model capable of
( vi. )
selecting natural gas bus brands. This model allows us to
evaluate an appropriate number of criteria under cost and
effectiveness categories. To do so, natural gas bus brands can
[ ( vii. )
be selected via the model by performing cost effectiveness
analysis. Each criterion can also be evaluated under cost and
effectiveness categories. Two methodologies of multiple
attribute decision making (MADM), technique for order
preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) and analytic
hierarchy process (AHP), can then be used to rank all viable
alternatives to bus systems from a complete perspective.
As anticipated, the proposed model can evaluate exactly how
[ ( viii. )
cost and effectiveness of all viable alternatives to bus systems
are related. The evaluation results can provide us not only with
economic information on all viable alternatives to bus systems,
but many other comparative situations. The proposed
model can also provide a valuable reference for government
when selecting the brands of bus systems. The ranking
methodology can provide a more objective outcome with weights
( ix. )
of related decision groups than other ones. The ranking
methodology can also provide a more flexible procedure in
terms of an outcome's complexity. Moreover, the ranking
outcome can allow decision makers to identify the order
preferences between alternatives.
Match the parts of a work proposal with the sentences in the above proposal.
1. Work objective工作目標 in the above proposal can be found in
A. ix
B. vi
C. i
2. Importance of problem問題的中心 in the above proposal can be found in
A. iv
B. ii
C. ix
3. Methodology to achieve objective 達成目標的方法 in the above proposal can be found in
B. vii
C. viii
4. Anticipated results希望的結果 in the above proposal can be found in
A. viii
5. Work problem工作問題 in the above proposal can be found in
A. i
B. ix
C. iii
6. An example of the setting of the work proposal工作提案建構in the above proposal can be found in
7. Setting of the work proposal工作提案建構 in the above proposal can be found in
C. i.
8. An example of the importance of problem問題的中心 in the above proposal can be found in
A. v
B. iii
9. Contribution to field領域的貢獻 in the above proposal can be found in
Score =
│回閱讀技巧│
