An effective work/research proposal consists of the following elements:
ü Setting of work proposal工作提案建構 : 你工作提案的主題是什麼? 你的讀者可以明瞭工作提案的內容嗎?
ü Work problem工作問題 : 你的工作提案裡有你試著要解決或是想更進一步瞭解的問題嗎?
ü Quantitative specification of problem 問題的量化 : 你要如何量化問題來讓你的讀者明白之前文獻研究所遇到的量化限制 ?
ü Importance of problem問題的中心 : 如果問題沒被解決或是充分瞭解, 這對工作提案的讀者會有多大的負面衝擊?
ü Work objective工作目標 : 工作提案的目標 ?
ü Methodology to achieve objective 達成目標的方法 : 你的計劃中達成目標的步驟?
ü Anticipated results希望的結果 : 你希望達成的結果?
ü Contribution to field領域的貢獻: 你的提案對相關工作領域的貢獻?
Read the following work proposal from Writing Effective Work Proposals by Ted Knoy for an information management-related (資訊管理相關分類) project:
Geographic-based information is increasingly used in daily living.
[ ( xii ) ]
There is always the need to know, “Where am I going to?” and,
[ ( xx )
“How do I get there?” in cases such as visiting a friend, going
somewhere for business, sightseeing, making holiday plans, and
so on. The required geographic information may be as simple an
address, or as complicated as the complete path and estimation
of time. Many kinds of geographical information are needed for
]
various purposes. Additionally, many convenient applications
that provide such information on PDAs are available in the
market today, with an increasing number of consumers using
these applications. However, the passive mode of accessing
[ ( x )
information fails to transmit effectively geographic-based
information to PDA users. Users cannot use the system all the
] [ ( viii )
time, but some critical geographic-related information may
appear when users are busy on other tasks. In some cases, they
need to be informed immediately. If they have answers on time,
they may save time, resolve an emergency, or even avoid an
accident. Unfortunately, no system capable of actively paging
users exists. The inability of PDA users to receive updated
] [ ( iv )
information in a timely manner will limit PDA use to within a
narrow range. Such a limitation may discourage PDA use. Most
] [
people will not buy such an expensive “notepad” when they don’t
( ii )
think its functions are useful . Only the evidently useful and
convenient functions may change people’s life styles and become
essential. The conventional GIS systems in PDAs are not so
advantageous as to be “killer applications”.
Based on the above, we should design a GIS-based architecture
[ ( viii )
that supports an automatic reporting service through handheld
mobile devices. To do so, a GPS module can be used to obtain the
] [ ( xvi )
coordinates of the PDA user. These coordinates can then be
transmitted to the back-end server through a wireless network
and used as the filter to query the database. Next, query
results can be sent back to the PDA, triggering an event to
inform the PDA user. As anticipated, the GIS-based
] [ ( xviii )
architecture can automatically page PDA users through a
wireless network when desired local information becomes
available. Using the global positioning system (GPS) feature, the
system will periodically send the position of the use to the
server. The server will then check for any local news about
disasters or roadblocks, and for advertisements. The results
will be sent back to the user’s machine and an event triggered to
remind the user. The GIS-based architecture can allow PDA
] [ ( xxii )
users to access information with their geographic position's
functioning as a filter. This avoids sending too much junk
information to users. Limited by bandwidth and the speed of
wireless network, this study also offers strategies for data
storage that involve a robust multi-tier architecture. The large
amount of geographic data is placed on the server, and only
required data are transferred to the client host through the
network.
Match the parts of a work proposal with the sentences in the above proposal.
1. Methodology to achieve objective 達成目標的方法 in the above proposal can be found in
A. xxii
B. xvi
C. x
2. An example of the setting of the work proposal工作提案建構 in the above proposal can be found in
A. xii
B. x
C. xx
3. Setting of work proposal工作提案建構 in the above proposal can be found in
B. xxii
C. xxviii
4. Contribution to field領域的貢獻 in the above proposal can be found in
A. iv
C. xxii
5. An example of the work problem工作問題 in the above proposal can be found in
A. x
B. viii
C. xii
6. Work problem工作問題 in the above proposal can be found in
C. xviii
7. Anticipated results希望的結果 in the above proposal can be found in
B. xviii
C. xvi
8. Importance of problem問題的中心 in the above proposal can be found in
C. iv
9. An example of the importance of the problem 問題的中心 in the above proposal can be found in
A. ii
10. Work objective工作目標 in the above proposal can be found in
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